kassites in the bible kassites in the bible

234-37; idem, 1984, pp. Abraham's Ur - Accuracy In Genesis At the Crossroads of Civilizations in the Syro-Mesopotamian Realm, Proceedings of the 42th RAI [1995], Leuven, 1999, pp. When Burnaburia II died, his son Kara-harda succeeded him but was assassinated in a rebellion (1328 BCE). Thus Rameses means to come from Ra and Mosa would be incomplete, and as it says in Exodus he was drawn from the water. Elam is recorded in history at the time of Sagron of Akkad around 2300 BC where it is listed on the Bible Timeline. 329 f.): ERN u-q-mu-[na(? Who Were the Assyrians in the Bible? - Synonym E. C. Cancik-Kirschbaum, Die mittelassyrischen Briefe aus Tall amad, Berichte der Ausgrabung Tall amad/Dr-Katlimmu (BATSH) 4, Texte 1, Berlin 1996. Idem, The Representation of Foreigners in Neo- and Late-Babylonian Legal Documents (Eighth-Second Centuries B.C.E. Katiliau and the Sumundar Canal: A New Middle Babylonian Royal Inscription. Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. Web. The specific purpose and intent of this entry is to present research on biblical synchronisms; references to the same or supposedly same historical events from multiple cultures. J. In letter #108, Rib-Hadda gives praises to Baal and also Samas in the sky. 17385, Schneider, Bernhard. This temple was probably one of the most important institutions of Kassite Babylonia. J. Fincke, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der Nuzi-Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 10, Wiesbaden, 1993. The Assyrians were one of the great powers of ancient Mesopotamia, rivals of the Babylonians. Chr. Charpin, 1995). In addition, they had neither cultic nor familial ties with the northern Babylonian temple cities (see Richardson, 2002, pp. . 1150-985 BCE), viz., the second dynasty of Isin, the second dynasty of the Sealand, and the Bazi dynasty, had Akkadian, Kassite, and hybrid (Akkadian-Kassite) names. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Kassites (among others) were included in the workforces (mostly agricultural laborers): individuals defined as Kassites (Ka) or bearing Kassite names appear in ration lists. For a time I said I was an atheist. Timeline of Events in Ancient Babylonia - ThoughtCo A terminus post quem for the Kassites penetration into the Middle Euphrates region and Upper Mesopotamia in general can be deduced from the absence of Kassite names.in the rich documentation from early Old Babylonian Mari, Tuttul, Tall Lln, and Chaghar Bazar. The monument mostly speaks of military victories over Egypts enemies. Balkan (1968, p. 7) is of the opinion that between the king and the people there was a stratum of nobles, who mostly belonged to the royal family or the palace. It is mostly translated as "Ur of the Chaldeans." The problem with "Chaldeans" is that it is a late word used in the Neo-Babylonian times. The detestable worship of Baals and sun/moon gods is documented even within the circumstantial Amarna Letters. Ancient Orient Museum, Duck-shaped weight mentioning the name of the priest Mashallim-Marduk, Kassite, from Babylon. Museum, British. They were used to mark official items and ownership. 231-246, Brinkman, J. The commonly held opinion that they originated from the Zagros mountains east of Babylonia (see, e.g., Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Heinz, 1995, p. 167) is based on the assumption that their geographical distribution before they took over the Babylonian alluvium was the same as their distribution after the demise of the Kassite rule in Babylonia. Sassmannshausen (1999, pp. The emergence of the Kassite state took place in the 16th and 15th centuries BCE, which are almost devoid of documentation. Since they had chariots, they were not nomadic, but were fully settled in segregated rural encampments. Temples were granted whole villages with the tillers, who stood in dependency and an exploitation relationship (see Oelsner, 1982a, 1982b). Our collection of maps are simple and they are free. We care about our planet! Although both the level of urbanization and of the rural population in Babylonia was lower than that in the early second millennium BCE (cf. Most of the Kassite kings ruled on an average of 17 to 20 years. 43 f.; cf. There are numerous accounts in both Akkadian and Canaanite literature that speak of the religious nature of the area, which affirms the biblical accounts. The implication is that whatever pertains to the historical Jesus Christ belongs to the "New" and whatever pertains to the people among whom Jesus grew up belongs to the "Old". New Testament Overview - General survey of the New Testament. This document includes a graphic timeline (imagemap) and a hypertexted text timeline Under the later Kassite kings political authority was weakened as peripheral provinces detached themselves from effective state control (see Brinkman, 1963, pp. In the 12th century Elam struck the final blow at Kassite power in Babylonia, already weakened by local insurrection. There are also a number of building inscriptions, all but one written in Sumerian unlike the Akkadian typically used by the Kassites. kassites in the bible. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In Mark William Chavalas (ed.). A 300-year Middle Eastern Dark lasted from 1157 to 883 B.C. J. van Dijk, Die dynastischen Heiraten zwischen Kassiten und Elamern: eine verhngnisvolle Politik, Orientalia, N.S. Die Tontafeln der Grabung Robert Koldeweys 18991917." (Non-dynastic usurpers17351701 BCE) This should come at no surprise given the nature of god/goddess worship within the land. Thank you for your help! Abraham, K. (2013). The Kassites strove to be integrated in the culture of the conquered land. The administration was directed from the palaces of various cities. They include red, black and brown Nubians, pre-dynastic lower Nilotes, and the Ainu/Annu. They slowly then began to make their way southward toward Babylon. Edzard, Jasubigallja, in RlA V, 1976-80, p. 271a. It is important to know that many of the cities of Canaan that were mentioned in the Bible have now undergone excavations. [46], The Kassite language has not been classified. In the 1st millennium the Kassites withdrew to the Zagros Mountains, where they opposed the eastward expansion of Assyrian power and paid tribute to Persia. "The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun: 1986 Campaign." Like the Sumeriancs, no one knows for sure where they came from. Their main project was the foundation of a new capital, named Dr-Kurigalzu Kurigalzus fortress (this type of place name is common in second- and early first-millennium Babylonia, where the initial component precedes a Kassite anthroponym (e.g., Agum and Burra-sah, Nashef, 1982, pp. Administration and Society in Kassite Babylonia. Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. Christians have historically spoken of the Bible as being divided into the "Old" and the "New" testaments. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. It was discovered in 1896 and is stored in the Cairo Museum currently. 2014. Yanoam, is not known (maybe Yaknoam). It contained a number of palaces and also temples to many Babylonia gods including Enlil, Ninlil, and Ninurta. Your email address will not be published. Both regions remained linked with the Babylonian government during the 11th and 10th century BCE, but from 850 BCE onwards they passed to the Assyrian sphere of influence (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. World History Encyclopedia, 03 Aug 2011. F. H. Weissbach, he Kissa, in Pauly-Wissowa, RE 21, 1921, pp. After this point, the Kassites had faded into obscurity. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archologie, Daniel A. Nevez, 'Provincial administration at Kassite Nippur', Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kassites&oldid=1137673460, States and territories established in the 16th century BC, States and territories disestablished in the 12th century BC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Son of Burnaburiash I, Grandson of Agum-Kakrime, Possible campaigns against "The Sealand" and "in Dilmun". Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. First mentioned in Elamite texts of the late 3rd millennium bc, they penetrated into Mesopotamia in the 2nd millennium,. C. Edens, On the Complexity of Complex Societies: Structure, Power, and Legitimation in Kassite Babylonia, in G. Stein and M. S. Rothman eds., Chiefdoms and Early States in the Near East: The Organizational Dynamics of Complexity, Monographs in World Archaeology 18, Madison, Wis, 1994, pp. Kassites. Ordu niversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstits Sosyal Bilimler The canal Habur-ibal-buga (see Balkan, 1954, p. 104) is recorded in a document from Terqa which is dated to King Hammurapih (perhaps 16th century BCE, i.e., at the beginning of the Middle Babylonian period; see Podany, 2002, pp. Kassites after the fall of the Kassite dynasty. MacGinnis, J. 210 f.). These grants were recorded on stone stelae (sing. kassites in the bible The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. 925, Yaln, Serdar. Kassite deities - Wikipedia Phone Toll Free: 877-966-7300 or 816-584-3077, [This article continues after a message from the authors], These Articles are Written by the Publishers of, Amazing Bible Timeline with World History 2023. This event saw the conquest of Babylon by the Achaemenid Empire under Cyrus the Great and marked the end of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. 159-70. How does violence against the family pet affect the family? Kar-Duniash was the name given to ancient Babylon during the reign of the Kassite kings. (2015). What do we know about the Ammonites? - CompellingTruth.org Kassite, member of an ancient people known primarily for establishing the second, or middle, Babylonian dynasty; they were believed (perhaps wrongly) to have originated in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Their rule helped to shape many different aspects of the culture and religion was one major area where it was experienced the most. 221-223, Marcus, Michelle I. 1-26. Armstrong, James A. Roman Empire Map - Fourteen letters were exchanged between the pharaohs and two successive Kassite kings, Kadaman-Enlil I (1369-55 BCE) and Burnaburia II (1354-28 BCE). The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. After the Hittites' surgeon Babylon, the Kassites, coming from the North, North-East, settled in Babylon and founded their dynasty by Agum. Is The NIV Purposefully Removing References To Fasting? Amarna a-an-har-ra, a-an-ha-ar (from Mitanni and Alashia), Hittite a-an-ha-ra(-az), Egyptian ngr, Old Testament nr < *amara (Old Babylonian gentilic Samhar), presumably a Kassite tribe, gave its name to Babylonia while it was occupied by the Kassites (see Zadok, 1984; cf. A Kassite Cylinder Seal from the Arabian Gulf. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. Ancient Babylon, the iconic Mesopotamian city that survived for 2,000 The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The dependents employed in these sectors received rations, the quantities of which were determined according to the recipients rank in the hierarchy. Related Content Biblical Archaeology Review is the guide on that fascinating journey. 240-44. The Mosaic Glass Vessels from Hasanlu, Iran: A Study in Large-Scale Stylistic Trait Distribution The Art Bulletin , Vol. Eight among the last kings of the Kassite dynasty have Akkadian names. 415 f.). Unfortunately the tablet containing the list is fragmentary. 411 f.) is of the opinion that they penetrated from the central Zagros via the lower Diyala region into northern Babylonia, notably the Sippar region during the late Old Babylonian period. 14151155 BCE." They are recorded as weavers and other textile workers, but are underrepresented in most of the other handicrafts (Sassmannshausen, 2001, p. xv). "New Light on Dilbat: Kassite Building Activities on the Ura Temple E-Ibbi-Anum at Tell al-Deylam" Zeitschrift fr Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archologie, vol. : Die Kassiten, in K. Bartl, R. Bernbeck, and M. Heinz, eds., Zwischen Euphrat und Indus. [27] An International System came into place between these parties connected by widespread trade, treaties, and intermarriage between the ruling classes (especially between the Kassites and Elamites). A. Brinkman (1976-80, p. 465a) and W. De Smet (1990, p. 11) point out that the earliest evidence for Kassites is from northern Babylonia and west of it, viz., the Middle Euphrates and Alalah VII (see Brinkman, 1976-80, p. 466b). License. A Guide to 177-189, Krebernik, M., and Seidl, U. 164 f.) and Hatti. Babylonian Pottery in the Kassite Period". A. Armstrong, S. W. Cole, and V. G. Gurzadyan, Dating the Fall of Babylon: A Reappraisal of Second-Millennium Chronology (a Joint Ghent-Chicago-Harvard Project), Mesopotamian History and Environment 2: Memoirs 4. They later regained power yet would be defeated along with many other nations under King Nebuchadnezzar in the seventh century BC. 287-90. 14151050 BCE. While the term Kushite is generally understood as meaning black African, several places in the Bible refer to other locations as Kush, including Midian, the home of Moses' wife Zipporah. 31-45, 47-73, 106-33. One Kassite invention was the boundary stone (kudurru), a block of stone that served as a record of a grant of land by the king to favoured persons. This article is available in print.Vol. (a)the invention of monotheism (b)implementing political reforms that harmed the majority of egyptians. "16. (Gen. 3:15) It is from the Horite priesthood that the priesthood of Israel developed. 247 ff., 258 f.). It was located near the Euphrates River . Abraham was born in 1912bce, or 1948 from Adam, when Noah was 58 years old His son Shem was Malchitzedek, and Shems daughter was Tamar who became the mother Judahs twin sons (Peretz and Zarach). The Canaan has been plundered into every sort of woe: 412-18. MOSAIC GLASS FROM HASANLU, MARLIK, AND TELL AL-RIMAH. Journal of Glass Studies, vol. Once they made it to Babylon, they managed to defeat the weakened Babylonian city state and set themselves up as rulers. 88 f.). 403-10. During and after the Bronze Age Collapse Babylonia was invaded by their neighbors, the Elamites and the Assyrians. 42-122, 2022, Buchanan, Briggs. Cite This Work 1/2, 1981, pp. Many of the kings were popular rulers who became allies with other city-states within the region. 3 Where did the Kassite people originally come from? Brill, pp. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Brinkman, J. 417 f.). Volume 2 Kardunia. The king at the time of Joshuas invasion was Adoni-zedek (Joshua 10:1-3), which would have had to come after Abdi-Heba since Joshua overtook southern and northern Palestine (Joshua 10-11). 2, 2004, pp. Adad-shuma-usur had the longest reign that lasted for about 30 years. There is good reason for thinking that the Kassites were once neighbors of Indo-Europeans, in view of some affinities between their pantheon and the Indo-Aryan one (see Bloomfield, 1904; Balkan, 1986, p. 8; Eilers, 1957-58, p. 136 ad srya-). A culture that rules babylonia from the 16th and 12th centuries BC. Submitted tags will be reviewed by site administrator before it is posted online.If you enter several tags, separate with commas. Around 1500 BC. Zamua, which was originally Lullubian (see LULUBI), had only one pertinent toponym, namely,Ban-ba-la, which may be the Kassite form of Babylon. If one judges by the onomasticon, the individuals bearing Kassite names were 7.72-5.31 percent of the general sample from Greater Media, i.e., the second group after the Iranians, whose percentage was 45.37-32.36 percent (see Zadok, 2002, pp. Louvre Museum, reference AO 22355, (Shamshi-Adad dynasty18081736 BCE)(Amorites)Shamshi-Adad I Ishme-Dagan I Mut-Ashkur Rimush Asinum Ashur-dugul Ashur-apla-idi Nasir-Sin Sin-namir Ipqi-Ishtar Adad-salulu Adasi 4553, Paulus, Susanne. Attractive design ideal for your home, office, church . 2, pp. "uqamuna und u/imalija." Old Testament Overview - General survey of the Old Testament. 4 (Dec., 1992), pp. What are the Kassites known for? - All Famous Faqs Kassites held important positions in the state sector as late as Nab-mukn-aplis reign (978-943 BCE). The Kassites, who were an important force in the region from the 16th to the 12th centuries BCE, took up residence in Nippur centuries after the city was abandoned, and created the ancient map of Nippur. 2 And in the eleventh year of Zedekiah, in the fourth month, the ninth day of the month, the city was broken up. 111, no. Who are the Ethiopian people in the Bible? and ruled the area for 576 years. Because I thought I believe so different from everyone else. At the peak of their power the Kassites, under Kurigalzu I in the mid 14h century BC, conquered Elam and sacked the capital of Susa. Chronicles and king lists are imprecise, and although the Kassite kings traditionally ruled over Babylonia for 576 years, it is probable that the first Kassite kings reigned in Babylonia simultaneously with the last kings of the first Babylonian dynasty; thus Gandash, the first Kassite king, possibly began his reign about the middle of the 18th century bc, but not at Babylon. [4] The Kassite religion is also poorly known. (2011, August 03). 131 f.). It has also been suggested that the first element in Kudur-Enlil's name is derived from Elamite but that is disputed.[49][50]. Who Were the Hittites? - Biblical Archaeology Society Kassites | Biblia They eventually detached themselves from the Babylonian state and its urban centers, probably because they were unpaid or unprovisioned. 88 f.) suggest that Babylon was resettled as early as ca. Early Periods, 4. [1] By the time of Babylon's fall, the Kassites had already been part of the region for a century and a half, acting sometimes with the Babylon's interests and sometimes against. The Kassites were a warlike people that invaded Babylon during the 16th century B.C. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. According to other ancient texts found concerning the Habiru, they were found to live all along the fertile crescent in the 2nd millennium BCE. The Kassites produced a substantial amount of pottery. ''Some Shared Traditions Between Hana and the Kassites'', In Crossing Boundaries and Linking Horizons: Studies in Honor of Michael C. Astour on His 80th Birthday, 417-432.Potts, D. T. (2006). Adding the years given by the King List to that date would place the beginning of the dynasty in the 18th century BCE, when rulers of the Hammurabi dynasty controlled Babylon. 2, 2006, pp. They are well represented among the great landowners. Twenty-fourth Dynasty of EgyptTefnakht Bakenranef, (Sargonid dynasty)Tiglath-Pileser Shalmaneser Marduk-apla-iddina II Sargon Sennacherib Marduk-zakir-shumi II Marduk-apla-iddina II Bel-ibni Ashur-nadin-shumi Nergal-ushezib Mushezib-Marduk Esarhaddon Ashurbanipal Ashur-etil-ilani Sinsharishkun Sin-shumu-lishir Ashur-uballit II, Seleucid Empire: Seleucus I Antiochus I Antiochus II Seleucus II Seleucus III Antiochus III Seleucus IV Antiochus IV Antiochus V Demetrius I Alexander III Demetrius II Antiochus VI Dionysus Diodotus Tryphon Antiochus VII Sidetes. 41, no. A. Ancillotti, La lingua dei Cassiti, Milan, 1981. Ashkelon has been overcome; D. Charpin, propos des rois de Hana, Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brves et Utilitaires, 1995, no. and accepts with reservations V. G. Gurzadyans eclipse identifications (1458 and 1451 BCE). G. del Monte and J. Tischler, Die Orts- und Gewssernamen der hethitischen Texte, Rpertoire Gographique des Textes Cuniformes 6, Wiesbaden, 1978. Iran 12.1 (1974): 99-124. 2023 Encyclopdia Iranica Foundation, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 15-26. Required fields are marked *. However, Elams raids caused the demise of the Kassite dynasty in 1150 BCE (see Brinkman, 1968, pp. Ancient Jerusalem - Interactive Study of Jerusalem with Map. ), in O. Lipschits and J. Blenkinsopp, eds., Judah and Judeans in the Neo-Babylonian Period, Winona Lake, 2003, pp. Museum, British. of M. Salvini, The Habiru Prism of King Tunip-Teup of Tikunani, Documenta Asiana: Collana di Studi sullAnatolia e lAsia Anteriore antica diretta da Mirjo Salvini 3, Rome, 1996, Archiv fr Orientforschung 46/47, 1999-2000, pp. Volume 1 Kardunia. Nevertheless, some Babylonian cultural influence presumably persisted there. History and Archaeology of the World's Oldest CityBabel/Babylon and Though the map was inscribed long after the demise of Old Babylonia, archaeological evidence has proven it remarkably accurate in showing the . Idem, Foreign Relations of Babylonia from 1600 to 625 B.C. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The interest of the boundary stones for modern scholars is not only economic and religious but also artistic. Not only do we pay for our servers, but also for related services such as our content delivery network, Google Workspace, email, and much more. 124, no. Ancient Mesopotamia: Babylonian Empire - Ducksters For the mineral, see, Brinkman, J. 129, Brinkman, J. 5. The Rise And Fall Of Babylon | Bible.org How Long Was Joseph In Potiphars House? 44 f., 59). Its end is dated to 1150 BCE. For less than $1 a week, you'll get devotionals, Bible study guides, thematic studies, and much more! The Kassite kings were called, by themselves and their colleagues in other Near Eastern states, kings of the land of Kar(an)dunia, the latter being a term for Babylonia that may have been Kassite in origin (del Monte and Tischler, 1978, pp. Bill T. Arnold. [18] Often situated on the surface, many were found early and made their way to museums around the world. The name Cushan is considered a translation for Kassite or northwest Mesopotamia. 257 ff. The Kassites, controlled Mesopotamia from 1595 to 1157 B.C. Babylonia under the Kassites 2, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. All the mayors have Babylonian names. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Bible Charts and Maps, PO Box 171053, Austin, TX 78717 146-164, Brinkman, John Anthony. And the flood was in 1656 from Adam. Babylonia under the Kassites 1, edited by Alexa Bartelmus and Katja Sternitzke, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. Brinkman, Provincial Administration in Babylonia under the second Dynasty of Isin, JESHO 6, 1963, pp. 137 f.), namely, that Kassite is related to Elamite, is unlikely. Their leaders came to power in Babylon following the collapse of the ruling dynasty of the Old Babylonian Period in 1595 BC. [42][43] Another Kassite king, Hamar-galu, is known from five inscriptions from the Nippur area.