He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. Hiranya died childless. Died young. It covers the whole range of history in the Kashmir district from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. In the legacy of Sanskrit, Kashmir and Kerala can be said to have a unique fellowship of literary creativity, with icons like Bilhana and Somadeva in Kashmir and Shankara and Narayana Bhattathiri in Kerala. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. Rajatarangini ("The River of Kings") is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western part of India, particularly the kings of Kashmir. All Rights Reserved 2022 Theme: Promos by. Explanation: In 1574 Akbar started a Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in Fatehpur Sikri. He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. This quarterly has been published regularly since In his old age, the childless king ordered killing of Sandhimati to prevent any chance of him becoming a king. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? Unreliable Sources - The chronicles include those of Tahir, Haidar Malik, Rafiu'd Din Ahmad and Muhammad A'azam. Has data issue: true Answer: Kalhana was the author of Rajatarangini (River of Kings), an account of the history of Kashmir. Sanskrit What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? He delved deep into such model works as the Harsacarita and the Brihat-samhita epics and used with commendable familiarity the local rajakathas (royal chronicles) and such previous works on Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthivavali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. Kalhaa's account also states that the city of Srinagar was founded by the Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, and that Buddhism reached the Kashmir valley during this period. Notes in parentheses refer to a book ("Taranga") and verse. After ruling indirectly and directly, Didda (9801003 CE) placed Samgrmarja, son of her brother on the throne, starting the Lohara dynasty. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. Although the earlier books are inaccurate in their chronology, they still provide an invaluable source of information about early Kashmir and its neighbors in the north western parts of the Indian subcontinent, and are widely referenced by later historians and ethnographers. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. [5] The total reign of the following kings is mentioned as 1266 years. In Books V and VI the history of the dynasty continues to 1003, when the kingdom of Kashmir passed on to a new dynasty, the Lohara. Running into almost 8000 stanzas that are inconsistently disseminated among eight books or areas, the. Verse 13. Rajatarangini s first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. The Tusharas did not give a fight but fled to the mountain ranges leaving their horses in the battle field. [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. [3] The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided between eight books called tarangas ("waves"). He brought back the Brahmans who had fled from Kashmir following the treachery of Mirza. [15], Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Shah was succeeded by his elder son Sultan Jamshid who ruled for a year and two months. May 29, 2021 04:35 pm | Updated July 06, 2022 12:26 pm IST. Such striking historical details aside, the preeminent fact is that Kalhanas is a literary text of extraordinary merit. Translation of " " into Persian . This too appears to be a reference to the ice lingam at Amarnath. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. Rajatarangini belongs. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Rajatarangini 's first translation into a foreign language was as long ago as in the first decade of the 13th century, by Haidar Malik into Persian. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. This seems to be official genealogy of the Sultanate. The author of the Rajatarangini history chronicles the rulers of the valley from earliest times, from the epic period of the Mahbhrata to the reign of Sangrama Deva (c.1006 CE), before the Muslim era. Kalhana's account closes in the 22nd year of his reign. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). Kalhana states that Lalitaditya Muktapida conquered the tribes of the north and after defeating the. Brought up by, Within 6months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war. Kalhana wrote it was brilliantly prepared for the work. Published online by Cambridge University Press: It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. orders. Neither in style nor in authenticity do these works approximate the quality of Kalhanas Rajatarangini. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. Zain-ul-Abidin is also called as Akbar of Kashmir and Shahjahan of Kashmir on account of religion and development respectively. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. The list of kings goes back to the 19th century BCE. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. [19][21] Scholars caution against accepting the allegations at face value and attributing them solely to religious bigotry. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. 1 The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. Kalhana describes Shamkaravarman (883902) thus (Stein's trans. Verse 7. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continu Answer. This article examines two translations of the textone "Orientalist" and the other "nationalist"with the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production. in the broad and interdisciplinary area of "theory and history of cultural production," He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. (I.191) He belonged to. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. How much stuff can you bring on deployment? Built a new city called Damodarasuda, and a dam called Guddasetu. Son of Vajraditya II and Massa. Rajatarangini/Original languages He tried to abduct a Nga woman, who was the wife of a Brahmin. "useRatesEcommerce": false Who translated Mahabharata and Rajatarangini into Persian? Devout Shaivite. Wife of Damodara. Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. He subdued several enemies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Notes: Rajatarangini is a metrical legendary and historical chronicle of the north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir. The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. Answer. Qutbuddin died and was succeeded by his son Sultan Sikander also known as the Sikander Butshikand. Ascended the throne after her death, beginning, Abdicated the throne in favour of his son, but retained power through his minister Haladhara, Rebelled against his parents, leading to the suicide of his father Ananta, followed by, Second son of Kalasha. Kalhana lived in a time of political turmoil in Kashmir, at that time a brilliant center of civilization in a sea of barbarism. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. [7][8] Some scholars state that the Panjgabbar valley was peopled by Khasas and so ascribe a Khasa ethnicity to Shah Mir. [citation needed], He was the next Sultan of Kashmir. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. In later years of his reign, he started patronizing unwise persons, and the wise courtiers deserted him. The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. Jonaraja became a Kashmiri antiquarian and Sanskrit writer. It was translated into Persian by the orders of the later Muslim ruler Zain-ul-Abidin. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Get all the important information related to the Railway Exam including the process of application, important calendar dates, eligibility criteria, exam centers etc. [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. Check ' ' translations into Persian. After that, the English translation. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Copyright 2019 Sawaal.com | All Rights Reserved. Rajatarangini, (Sanskrit: River of Kings) historical chronicle of early India, written in Sanskrit verse by the Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 1148, that is justifiably considered to be the best and most authentic work of its kind. For example, Ranaditya is given a reign of 300 years. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Murdered his father, and starved his half-brothers to death. After Vikramadityas death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. Jonaraja He dug profound into such model functions as the Harshacharita and the Brihat-Samhita sagas and utilised with a praiseworthy commonality the neighbourhood rajakathas (regal accounts) and such past chips away at Kashmir as Nripavali by Kshemendra, Parthiva Wali by Helaraja, and Nilamatapurana. He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father reign and allowed building of temples. His Dvity Rjataragin can be a continuation of Kalhanas Rjataragin and brings the annal of the rulers of Kashmir proper right down to the hour of the creators supporter Zain-ul-Abidin. Pratapaditya was a relative of a distant king named Vikrmaditya (II.6). a 12th century CE writer can be a piece essential in understanding the historical backdrop of Kashmir. It covers the entire span of history in the Kashmir region from the earliest times to the date of its composition. [8] Aryarajas were mostly Hindus. He was known by his subjects as Bod Shah or Budshah (lit. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications But his traditional conceptual framework, using uncritical assumptions and a belief in the role of the poet as an exponent of moral maxims, makes the idealizing content in his narrative, particularly for the early period, rather dominant. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. From Stein's translation:[3]. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. He was a great-grandson of a Viradeva, a Kutumbi (V.469). Verse 14. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? Made in Kasmir, Rajputana, and Central India, Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Invoking the Past: The Uses of History in South Asia, The King of Controversy: History and Nation-Making in Late Colonial India, The Frail Hero and Virile History: Gender and the Politics of Culture in Colonial Bengal, Vernacular Histories in Late Nineteenth-Century Banaras: Folklore, Puranas and the New Antiquarianism, Indian Economic and Social History Review, Creative Pasts: Historical Memory and Identity in Western India, 17001960, The Making of an Indian Nationalist Archive: Lakshmibai, Jhansi, and 1857, Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament: Perspectives on South Asia, Kings of Kashmira: Being a Translation of the Sanskrita Work Rajatarangini of Kahlana Pandita, Kings of Kashmira: A Translation of the Sanskrita Work of Jonaraja, Shrivara and of Prajyabhatta and Shuka, History of KashmiraA Contribution Towards Ancient Indian History, Politics and Society during the Early Medieval Period: Collected Works of Professor Mohammad Habib, Translation and the Colonial Imaginary: Ibn Khaldun Orientalist, The BJP's Intellectual Agenda: Textbooks and Imagined History, A Critical Study of Indo-Persian Literature: During Sayyid and Lodi Period, 14141526, Hindu Polity: A Constitutional History of India in Hindu Times, Bangalore Printing and Publishing Company, The Unhappy Consciousness: Bankimchandra Chattopadhyay and the Formation of Nationalist Discourse in India, Pretexts and Paratexts: The Art of the Peripheral, The Question of History in Precolonial India, Siting Translation: History, Post-Structuralism, and the Colonial Context, The Hindi Public Sphere, 19201940: Language and Literature in the Age of Nationalism, Rajatarangini: The Saga of the Kings of Kasmir, The Scope of Happiness: A Personal Memoir, Aurel Stein in Kashmir: The Sanskritist of Mohand Marg, Invisible Women, Visible Histories: Gender, Society, and Polity in North India, Seventh to Twelfth Century AD, Textures of Time: Writing History in South India, 16001800, Defining the Household: Some Aspects of Prescription and Practice in Early India, Turbulent Waves: Construction of Gender Relations in the, Negotiating India's Past: Essays in Memory of Partha Sarathi Gupta, History as Conceived by the Ancient Hindu and Other Nations, Ancient Indian Historiography: Sources and Interpretations, Medieval Kashmir and the Science of History, South Asia Institute, University of Texas, Kalhana's Rajatarangini: A Chronicle of the Kings of Kasmir, Imperial Encounters: Religion and Modernity in India and Britain, Studies of the Kashmir Council of Research. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. According to Kalhana, Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE, and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional He was (I.191) the first of his race. Jogesh Chandra Dutt in the late 19th century. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Kalhana in his opening Taranga of Rajatarangini presents his views on how history ought to be written. Traces of genuine history are also found, however, in references to the Mauryan emperors Ashoka and Jalauka; the Buddhist Kushan kings Hushka (Huviska), Jushka (Vajheska), and Kanishka (Kaniska); and Mihirakula, a Huna king. Among other things that fall within its wide sweep, the work contains references not only to such things as the countrys episodic encounters with China across the border, but also to the depredations of Mahmud Ghazni in Kashmirs neighbourhood around 1013 that portended the eventual Islamic conquest of Kashmir, the land variously heirs to the spiritual heritage of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain faiths. A Persian translation of Rajatarangini was commissioned by Zain-ul-Abidin, who ruled Kashmir in the 15th century CE. Sikander Lodi was succeeded on the throne in 1489. According to the historical evidence, Lalitaditya Muktapida ruled during the 8th century. Son of Lalitapida and Jayadevi, made the king by his maternal uncle Utpalaka. Uninvolved by and by in the frenzy of contemporary legislative issues, he was significantly impacted by it and expressed the accompanying. Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit He ascended the throne reluctantly, at the request of his guru Ishana. And with that touchstone, Kalhanas work can truly lay claim to an important place in world literature itself. There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. These include: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. Some of the architectural projects commissioned by the dynasty in Kashmir include: Tomb of the Mother of Zain-ul-Abidin in Srinagar. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. } The work consists of 7826 verses, which are divided into eight books called Tarangas (waves). This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. 0 0 Similar questions Its heyday was the 13th and 14th centuries, broadly the period straddling the phase of Sanskrit literature to which The Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini were translated into Persian by his order. His writing is full of literary devices and allusions, concealed by his unique and elegant style. You can try more lenient search to get some results. Rajatarangini, which Mulla Abd al-Qadir Badauni translated into Persian at Akbars He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. The Lohara family was founded by a Nara of Darvabhisara (IV.712). During his reign, the Mlechchhas (possibly, According to historical evidence, Mihirakula's predecessor was. Each issue contains four to five feature articles on topics [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. His father Champaka was the minister (Lord of the Gate) in the court of Harsha of Kashmir. Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. Rajatarangini was translated into Persian by Zain-ul-Abidin order. Eventually the Karkota dynasty ended and a grandson of Utpala became king. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Became queen after the death of all male heirs. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. Nephew of Didda. Kalhana was excellently equipped for the work. Rajatarangini, Telugu translation by Renduchintala Lakshmi Narasimha Sastry, This page was last edited on 14 November 2022, at 18:27. During the reign of Zain-ul-Abideen, the eighth Sultan of Kashmir, Mulla Ahmad translated Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian. No examples found, consider adding one please. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source.
Schneider Lease Purchase, Exchequer Services Lancashire County Council, Articles R